Tempest in a Bottle Essay - 732 Words

Tempest in a Bottle â€Å"Old enough to fight, Old enough to drink.† We all know that famous saying. Do you agree with this quote? I don’t agree with it. Teenage and underage college students drinking have been a longstanding problem in the American culture. They look at drinking as something glamorous, and I am here to say that I feel the drinking age should be higher. Just because at the age of eighteen you are a legal adult and can do adult things like vote, smoke, marry, drive, fly, pay taxes, take out loans, hold public office, serve on a jury, and fight for their country doesn’t mean you should have a drink. My first reason on why the drinking age should be higher is because of maturity level there is a difference between an†¦show more content†¦Since they are not able to drink at events where others might be able to drink. This makes them want to be a rebel and try out what it is they are being kept away from. So they will give it a shot. The fact that they donâ⠂¬â„¢t know when they will be able to drink again is the reason why most underage teens and college student tend to get overly drunk when they get a chance. As a result there are problems as serious as deaths. My last reason is that may save a life. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, increasing the minimum drinking age to 25 or leaving it at 21 is credited with having saved 18,200 lives on the national’s highway. The National Highway Traffic Safety estimates that a legal drinking age of 21 saves 700 to 1,000 lives annually. Since 1976, these laws have prevented more than 21,000 traffic death. But I feel if the drinking age was raised to 25 it would help prevent early teen alcoholism. If not adolescents who begin drinking in life early run the risk of developing serious alcohol problems. They are also at risk for a variety of adverse consequences, including risky sexual activity and poor performance in school. In conclusionShow MoreRelatedThe Tempest: Beginning and Closing Scenes 1221 Words   |  5 Pagesopening lines explaining the entire story, giving away the ending along with it but, the point being how the story progresses from point a to point b. William Shakespeare’s dramas did not differ from this Elizabethan custom. In his 1610 play â€Å"The Tempest† the beginning scene and epilogue are crucial to the significance of the play in its entirety. Through the dissection of the Milan court system in the explosive opening scene, and its concluding superior restoration in the closing scene, ShakespeareRead MoreEssay The Shy Girl894 Words   |  4 Pagesparticipating in class more and sharing my opinions, but that did not help. Whenever I made a comment, one of two things happened: I did not get the credit for my comment, or no one took me seriously. I felt helpless. The ninth grade production of The Tempest changed my life. My teacher, Mrs. Massand, gave me a part in the play and I no longer appeared quiet and shy. Although Mrs. Massand assigned the whole class a part in the play, she appointed me as, Stephano, the drunk, a major role. Her choice surprisedRead MoreThe Tempest Essay887 Words   |  4 Pages The Tempest Act 1 scene 1(the storm): The opening scene of the Tempest I think is brilliant. There is an instant unsuspecting panic, which quickly gains ones attention. Usually in a play there is a build up to a dramatic moment but The Tempest opens with this and the dramatic moment is when there is the inevitability of death. One can see the last instant panic and hear the words of lost hope, and people preparing for the final moment, give thanks you have lived soRead MoreEssay Trinculo in The Tempest by William Shakespeare1190 Words   |  5 PagesTrinculo in The Tempest by William Shakespeare In William Shakespeares The Tempest, Trinculo is a minor comic character whose main ambition is to align himself with whomever is the perceived leader in any situation he finds himself in. He is an intrinsically sociable person, and he gains whatever social rank he can through positioning himself in accordance with those around him, but never seeks to be the leader. In this way, he is the perfect jester, always seeking to stand by theRead MoreThe Selfish Act Of Colonialism : A Nascent Of English Colonialism1741 Words   |  7 PagesOn answering the question, â€Å"To what extent is The Tempest â€Å"about† nascent English colonial?† I would say that this Shakespearean play is completely a nascent of English colonialism, because it’s plot is based around colonialism. The story describes white men inhabiting an island and proceed to fight for control, without any input by the natives. What makes this a story specifically about nascent English coloniali sm is the alluding fact that humans are power hungry, which will prove to be true withinRead MoreThe Iridescence Of Art : Art902 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween painter and model-even if the model is a mountain or a shelf of empty medicine bottles.† This encounter is collaborative. Specifically, an encounter is an experience that is portrayed through the artist and other forms of art. He continues to say, â€Å"the painter must get close or else they are just copying.† It seems like if Berger were to see someone who paints a person casually reaching for medicine bottles, he would think the artist just expelled that image, but did not get close enough toRead MoreEssay about Shakespeare’s Characterisation of Caliban1378 Words   |  6 PagesCaliban is arguably one of the most complex characters in Shakespeare’s The Tempest, despite his low position in the social hierarchy. Primarily, we form our first impression of Caliban through what Prospero says about him . Prospero draws parallels between Caliban and his other servant Ariel, who was ‘too delicate’ to perform the ‘abhorred’ commands of the witch Sycorax. He then goes on to compare Ariel with Caliban; â€Å"a freckled whelp hag born – not honoured with/A human shape.† In line 317 of theRead MoreThe Tempest By William Shakespeare1908 Words   |  8 PagesThe Tempest by William Shakespeare was introduced during King James I’s time of power, in 1611. Although it was not then acknowledged as post-colonial work, it is evident now that post-colonial elements are present throughout the entire play. There are many events that occurred during Shakespeare’s time that are thought to be the inspiration of the play. Henry David Gray, in his essay The Sources of The Tempest said â€Å"it had been Shakespeare’s unvarying custom for many years to dramatize some storyRead More A Comparison of House of Usher, Bierces Beyond the Wall, The Bl ack Cat, John Mortonsons Funeral1742 Words   |  7 PagesParallels in Poes House of Usher and Bierces Beyond the Wall, Poe’s The Black Cat and Bierces John Mortonsons Funeral, and in M.S. Found in a Bottle by Poe and Three and One are One by Bierce.      Ã‚  Ã‚   When one decides to become an author, one can not help being influenced by his predecessors, causing some of ones work to reflect and echo the predecessors. Such is the case between Ambrose Bierce and his predecessor, Edgar Allen Poe. Excluding the obvious fact that both Poes and BiercesRead MoreAldous Huxley s Brave New World1334 Words   |  6 Pagescivilized society in Brave New World is set in 632 A.F., After Ford (A. Huxley). Throughout Brave New World, Huxley makes many references to the works of William Shakespeare. The title of the novel itself, comes from a line in Shakespeare’s The Tempest: â€Å"O, wonder! How many godly creatures are there here! How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world, That has such people in t!† Even beyond the title, Brave New World has many allusions to Shakespeare. John the Savage’s whole education of the English

The Importance of the Russian Steppes - 896 Words

â€Å"Russia is a land of extreme geography, and has the world’s deepest lake and Europe’s highest mountain and longest river† (Curtis 125). Because Russian geography was so diverse and unlike that of any other country, Russia developed a culture that was unique and different from others. Throughout history, mountains such as the Ural Mountains, rivers such as the Dnieper River, and plains such as the Russian steppes have served an important role in the development of Russian culture and beliefs. Mountains have served as a natural barrier, and have limited Russian expansion, while rivers have made Russia vulnerable to invasion. The steppes were great for Russia and gave Russians power and authority. Russia had a variety of types of geography, which all affected Russia in different ways. The mountains of had positive and negative effects on Russia. The largest mountain chain in Russia is the Ural Mountains, which expand for nearly 1,150 miles (â€Å"Ural Mountains.†). In Russia, the Urals helped and hurt Russia in many different ways. One way these mountains helped Russia is that the Russian Empire prospered between these mountains along with the Dnieper River (Curtis 125). Because of the Ural Mountains, a border was created in the middle of Europe and Asia (Curtis 131). The Ural Mountains weren’t massive, and in fact had many low points as well as high points. These low points in the Urals allowed for many transportation routes within the Russian Empire (Curtis 131). TheShow MoreRelatedThe Russian Expansionist Policy And Its Geography Essay2343 Words   |  10 PagesThe Setting The Russian expansionist policy was a natural corollary to its geography. Situated on the cross road between Europe and Asia, Russia had a position of advantage for expanding its influence in both the directions. As for its own frontier, Russia was in a very unfavourable position. In the north, the Arctic region was frozen for a great part of the year – both in the Tundras and the Seas. On the East, towards the Pacific, the Russians had to come in open contestation with the Chinese empireRead MoreNo File Essay2369 Words   |  10 PagesReview Questions How does the Russian Federation suffer from its location, physical features, and climate? What is unique about the Transcaucasus area in terms of climate?  · The Russian Federation covers a large area (more than 10,000 kilometers east-west and more than 2500 kilometers north-south); it takes a full week to travel by train from St. Petersburg in the west to Vladivostok in the east. Russia is also predominantly northern, with nearly half its territory north of 60Read MoreCultures And Values Of Culture, Culture And Culture1304 Words   |  6 Pageshuman activity. Values and beliefs hold high importance. An example would be religion, in† many cultures religion is of high value†(Kerfoot). Norms set an expectation to what is socially acceptable. Prejudice is formed in culture. This bias can be â€Å"generalized ideas formed off popular belief† and tolerance (Wilson 2008). Social influence comes from media outlets and world leaders. Culture guides human activity. Being culturally aware of Russian culture, history and region creates awarenessRead MoreKazakhstan And The Soviet Era Essay2113 Words   |  9 Pagesfelt day-to-day. The Soviet Union assimilation, which lasted from 1936 to 1991, has led to an overwhelming non-Kazakh minority population and linguistic divides. Cultural differences grew as half of the Kazakh population was now composed of ethnic Russians. Economically, the Soviets have introduced agriculture and industry, after long-standing Kazakh tradition of nomadic kinship structures. Even after the Soviet Union collapsed, those decades under the Soviet Socialist Republic have massive influencesRead More Stalingrad was The Battle that Saved World War II Essay4057 Words   |  17 Pageshelp from outside. Hitler has left us in a lurch. If the airfield is still in our possession, this letter may still get out†¦. So this is what the end looks like. Hannes and I will not surrender,†¦ I saw four men who had been taken prisoner by the Russians. No, we shall not go into captivity. When Stalingrad has fallen you’ll hear and read it. And you’ll know that I shall not come back.† --Letter of an unidentified German Soldier (p. 16 Schneider and Gullans, Letters from Stalingrad) How wereRead MoreCultural Characteristics Of A Nation s Culture Essay1662 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstanding a nation’s culture gives great insight into the motives and reasoning behind their aggression or acts of force. Factors such as geography, weather, political landscape, military, and key infrastructure provide a clear understanding of Russian culture and how it has shaped the nation over the past century. Defining the meaning of culture is paramount to understanding how it can affect and shape a nation. Culture is defined by a set of customs, skills, courtesies, habits and lifestyleRead MoreThe Effects Of Russian Culture On Military Operations1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Russian Culture on Military Operations in That Region Introduction Understanding a country’s culture as it pertains to military operations is highly important in the modern era. Dictionary.com defines culture as â€Å"the behaviors and beliefs characteristic of a particular social, ethnic, or age group†. There are many examples throughout history that show the negative consequences of ignoring or misunderstanding the cultures of other countries. The most recent example is our long sustainedRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Society1311 Words   |  6 Pagessystem demand for labor in the early modern time created multiethnic societies all over the world. European colonization over Africa and America created new multiethnic societies, produced linguistic evolution. The embarkation on empire-building of Russians and Chinese reshaped the northern and central Asia. The migration waves from the fourteenth to eighteenth century has paved way for the movement of people in the modern days. Intercontinental migration and trade, together a s the elements to elaboratedRead MoreMineral Materials Present in Kazakhstan848 Words   |  3 Pagesthe largest nationality groups in the Republic of Kazakhs, Russians, Ukrainians, Uzbeks, Germans, Tatars, Uigurs; they dreamed up, 95% of the total number of the population of the country. Since 1994 in the Republic of Kazakhstan, approximately 3,000 foreign joint venture operates, Kazakhstan foreign capital investments to 8 billion US Dollars. This amount is approximately 16 years of independence in the past and is of great importance for the country. This magnitude of capital inflows, the countrysRead MoreConflict In Eastern Armenia, Georgia, And Azerbaijan1119 Words   |  5 PagesAt the time, Russian-controlled Eastern Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan attempted to bond together in the Transcaucasia Democratic Federative Republic. Armenias borders with Turkey and Azerbaijan are much closed to this day, and a permanent solution to the conflict has not been reached despite the mediation provided by organizations such as the OSCE. Armenia is a member of more than 40 international organizations, including the United Nations; the Council of Europe; the Asian Development Bank;

Mechanistic Versus Organic Structures Free Essays

Mechanistic versus Organic Structures a. Mechanistic Structure is appropriate for organizations focusing on a cost- minimization strategy through tight control, extensive division of labor, high formalization and centralization. The information network is limited and employees rarely participate in decision making process. We will write a custom essay sample on Mechanistic Versus Organic Structures or any similar topic only for you Order Now b. Organic Structure is decentralized and has low complexity and formalization. It has an extensive information system, and employees rarely participate in decision making. It tends to be flexible and adaptive. c. Structure in function of the organization’s fundamental strategy. ) Innovation Strategy focuses on developing important new product or services. An organic structure provides the flexibility for this strategy. 2) Cost-minimization Strategy imposes tight controls over expenses and reduces product prices. The mechanistic structure is appropriate. 3) Imitation strategies are not adopted by true innovators but rather by organizations that move into new markets after smaller competitors have demonstrated the potential for success. Limitation best suited to a structure that combines mechanistic and organic. d. Structure is also a function of 1) Size. Larger organizations tend to be mechanistic because greater formalization is needed. Strategies also change as sizes changes. Growing organizations often expand activities within their industry. 2) Technology. An organic structure may be best for coping with non-routine technology because formalization is low. 3) Environment. In general, the more stable the environment, the more mechanistic the organization. A mechanistic structure is appropriate when the environment has little capacity for growth. Dynamic environments require an organic structure because of their unpredictability. Moreover, a complex environment also requires the flexibility and adaptability of an organic structure. a) The environment has three key dimensions: i) Capacity is the degree of growth an environment can support. ii) Volatility concerns the relative instability in the environment. iii) Complexity is the amount of heterogeneity and concentration in the environment. Thus, an industry with few very large firms is homogeneous and concentrated. b) Uncertainty not a specific environmental factor. The foregoing factors determine the level of uncertainty present in the environment. 11. According to Henry Mintzberg, an organization has five components. Depending on which is in control, one of five different structure involve. a. The five organizational components include the 1) Operating core- workers who perform the basic tasks related to production 2) Strategic apex- top managers 3) Middle line- managers who connect the core to the apex 4) Technostructure- analyst who achieve a certain standardization 5) Support staff- indirect support services b. The five structures include the following: 1) Simple structure (apex) has low complexity and formality and authority is centralized. Its small size and simplicity usually precludes significant inefficiency in use of resources. 2) Machine bureaucracy (technostructure) is a complex, formal and centralized organization that performs highly routine tasks, groups’ activities into functional departments, has relationships. 3) Professional bureaucracy (operating core) is a complex and formal but centralized organization in which highly trained specialist have great autonomy. 4) Divisional structure (middle line) is essentially a self-contained organization. It is characterized by substantial duplication of functions compared with more centralized structures. 5) Adhocracy (support staff) has low complexity, formality and centralization. Vertical differentiation is low and horizontal differentiation is high. 12. Centralization and Decentralization a) Centralization concerns the centralization of authority in an organization and the degree and levels at which it occurs. b) Decentralization is a philosophy of organizing and managing. Careful selection of which decisions to push down the hierarchy and which to hold at the top is required. The degree of decentralization will be greater if 1) More decision are made lower in the management hierarchy. 2) Some important decisions are made lower in the management hierarchy. 3) More functions are affected by decisions made at lower levels. 4) Fewer approvals are required before implementation of a decision. c) Centralization and decentralization are relative terms. Absolute centralization or decentralization is impossible. d) The degree of centralization or decentralization depends upon the situation. 1) Information. Decisions cannot be decentralized to those who do not have necessary information. ) Ability. Decisions cannot be decentralized to people who do not have training, experience, knowledge or ability to make decisions. 3) Timeliness. The organization should decentralize decisions requiring a quick response to those near the action. 4) Degree of coordination. The organization cannot decentralize below the level at which coordination must be maintained. 5) Significanc e of decision. Decisions cannot be centralized to lower levels if they are of critical importance to the organization. 6) Morale. The organization should decentralize, when possible, for the positive influence on morale. How to cite Mechanistic Versus Organic Structures, Essay examples

Audit and Assurance Services for Information Concern

Question: Discuss about the Audit and Assurance Services for Information Concern. Answer: Introduction: The basic obligation of an auditor is to make and provide the client or the shareholders of the company information as an independent party. The team provides information concerning the annual reports whether valid and fair and confirms the annual accounts reflections. Through this the information concerning the financial status of a company is justified whether the company can be relied on by lenders and financial institutions. With regards to the case of King and Queen auditing firm, Impulse Pty Ltd Company and their creditor EFLs solicitors, the crediting company cannot lay a valid claim on King and Queen auditing firm according to the standards guiding auditors activities and boundaries. The financial organization EFLs solicitors audit firm negligence they are to experience losses from their debtor. In this case the audit firm cannot be made liable for the losses the creditor is yet to occur since they had no relationship with EFLs solicitors enabling them to give information about their client Impulse Pty Ltd and the company (Carmichael, 2009)). The audit company did their part according to work relation required between an audit firm and the client, therefore, the director of the company should be laid liable. This scenery is similar to the case of Stone Rolls v Moore Stephens where the court ruled on the favor of the audit firm stating that audit team should only be liable to such claims when they are shareholders of the company. In the case of Centro the associates, the same claim was witnessed (Carmichael, 2009)). In all the cases, the court ruled in support of the audit firms justifying that auditors can only be liable to when they are shareholders or offering advisory services to the client. In the case of Centro, Justice Middleton found that the directors are entitled to rely upon other parties but discovered that there is no suggestion in the case. Centro was not warranted or trusted and that the information is misplaced. The judge claimed that it is upon the management make proper examination before getting involved in any investment. In the judges ruling he declared that directors and management should not always relay on information given by other parties. It is therefore clear that the court will rule on the favor of King and Queen Audit firm in this given study case (Cuccia et al, 2011)). The engagement letter between King and Queen and their client Impulse Pty Ltd and the company states various roles of the audit firm which does not describe liability to the third party in case it is a breach of the audit professional standards. The case however, will change when the King and Queen develop an engagement with the company financier as the company adviser. Auditors are responsible for the provision of information to creditors and other financial institution in order to create credibility concerning their clients (Knapp, 2005). In a situation where kings and Queen were consulted by the financial firm and failed to provide the appropriate information regarding the financial situation of Impulse Pty Ltd and the company then the firm should be responsible for their action. For any given bank or any financier to offer credit to a business entity then the audit firm is considered to be responsible (Elliott Jacobson, 2008). The professional standards, requires that auditors should provide valid and independent opinion which is in accordance with the objectivity. In this case the audit firm is therefore providing non audit services to the financial firm and should be blamed if they provide an information which leads t he company towards its downfall. King and Queen therefore will most likely to compensate the financier of their client for providing them with wrong and biased information. Audit independence is the freedom or independence of an external audit firm or team. Audit independence in most of the time is symbolized by the audit integrity and audit objections. Apart from the mentioned integrity and objectivity, the independence of the auditors can also be determined approaches and the process they apply while performing their duties (Knapp, 2005). The objectivity of audit independence requires an auditor or and an audit firm to perform their obligations in a free environment in a systematic manner an approach. The aspect of audit independence is divided into two categories that is the actual or real audit independence and perceived independence. Actual Audit Independence Actual audit independence is also known as the real independence of auditors. This kind of audit independence is also referred to as the independence of an auditors mind during performance of a given action. Real or actual independence precisely deals with the state of mind an auditor is when taking his or activity. It is focused at determining how an auditors acts in a given situation (Keefe et al 2013). An auditor or audit firm who is viewed to be acting independently or (in fact) is mandated and given authority to make independent decisions in all situation they are found. They come up with solutions independent even in occasions which are being perceived as lacking independence. Importance Actual Audit Independence Actual audit Independence is important as it enables an auditor to act and apply various approaches relevant to the situation (Keefe et al 2013). Real independence of the auditors assist them make independent decisions which are not biased even when they are placed in a compromising position by company administration or a client. The actual independence also allow auditors to be responsible and liable for their actions in a given situation. Perceived Audit Independence The perceived independence is another type of auditors which comes in where an auditors objectivity is considered to be beyond answerable questions and cannot be measure. There are several situations where an auditors action can be justified as either independent or not (Keefe et al 2013). It clear that an auditors mental attitude cannot be measured to determine his or her level of integrity. Perceived auditor independence is therefore concerned with the objectivity of an auditor. Importance of Perceived Audit Independence Perceive audit independence helps in answering of the question relating to audit objectivity. It also provides environment or room for an auditor to act upon a situation which is perceived not be independent (Stewart Subramanian, 2010). It is essential that the auditor not only acts independently, but appears independent too. Perceived audit independent is helps an auditor to make decision and self-governance towards reliable financial reliability and financial objectivity. In this situation Bob has violated professional conduct dealing with the observation of confidentiality as expected by the standards as listed below: Bob has failed to observe and work with integrity, honesty, faithfulness and truthfulness. This principle of objectivity which demands that auditors should be fair, intellectual and free from conflicting interest. Auditors have the mandate to respect the confidentiality of information about a clients or employers affairs acquired in the course of professional services. An obligation which remains even after the end of work relationship. Confidentiality further requires that if an auditor such as Bob comes across an information in the progress of carrying out professional services he should use nor seem to use that information for own benefit or for the benefit of a third party. In this case Bob has violated professional codes of ethics and should be followed by the company and be responsible for his actions (Stewart Subramanian, 2010). He should not be certified as qualified auditor for the violation of the codes of conducts. On the other hand Bob should have obtained the information through a legal means as prescribed by the law or through the authority of the administration. Case of Wendy The audit standards does not allow an associate of a given firm to perform audit or have relationship with the company as this may lead a conflict of interest. The firm should use an external audit firm or an auditor. Relationships should be avoided which allow prejudice, bias or influences of others to override objectivity. Audit profession standards requires and auditor to be independent, therefore in this case external audit firm should be brought in to assist with analysis and Leo held responsible for his actions. The case of Chan Associates and Classic Reproductions Pty. Limited Auditors and accountants should neither accept nor offer gifts or entertainment which might reasonably be believed to have a significant and improper influence on their professional judgment or those with whom they deal. Auditors and accountants should avoid circumstances which would bring their professional standing into disrepute. The professional standards as stated above obligate an audit of audit firm to accept offers from the client which may influence their judgments. Therefore, the acceptance of the offer by Chan associates should have not accepted the offer of being shareholders (Reiter Williams, 2004). The situations though tend be solved where Chan and associates as shareholders do not offer audit services to the same company where they are shareholders as this may result into pressure on the audit objectivity. Reference Carmichael, D. R. (2009). In search of concepts of auditor independence. The CPA Journal, 69(5), 38. Cuccia, A. D., Hackenbrack, K., Nelson, M. W. (2011). The ability of professional standards to mitigate aggressive reporting. Accounting Review, 227-248. Elliott, R. K., Jacobson, P. D. (2008). Audit independence concepts. The CPA Journal, 68(12), 30. Keefe, T. B., King, R. D., Gaver, K. M. (2013). Audit fees, industry specialization, and compliance with GAAS reporting standards. Auditing, 13(2), 41. Knapp, M. C. (2005). Audit conflict: An empirical study of the perceived ability of auditors to resist management pressure. Accounting Review, 202-211. Reiter, S. A., Williams, P. F. (2004). The philosophy and rhetoric of auditor independence concepts. Business Ethics Quarterly, 355-376. Stewart, J., Subramaniam, N. (2010). Internal audit independence and objectivity: emerging research opportunities. Managerial auditing journal, 25(4), 328-360. Weber, R. A. (2008). Information systems control and audit. Pearson Education.

Freedom in a Montessori Environment Essay Example

Freedom in a Montessori Environment Paper Thus a child will be aided to grow through independence and must be allowed growth through his inn guide. This is because a child uses his environment to grow. A child must therefore be aided in his development through activities that will encourage independence such as self-help skills like wearing shoes buttoning sweeping and other activities that will make him independent. All materials should be given the correct sizes; materials should be kept orderly; furniture should be child sized. The child must be aided in developing his will by by ensuring coordination and ensuring activities are awards a given end. The child must be given constructive work. Maria Interiors has described a classroom as a room in which all children move about intelligently voluntarily and without being unruly or loud. It is important to note that in allowing freedom, any destructive acts of the child must be limited. All other good and useful manifestations must be observed by the directress. There are however limits to freedom within the prepared environment; they are: Respect for the environment: The child has freedom but must treat the environment with care and respect. He must be courteous ND treat all with respect and care. We will write a custom essay sample on Freedom in a Montessori Environment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Freedom in a Montessori Environment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Freedom in a Montessori Environment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Respect for Himself: It is not enough to treat other with courtesy; he must also respect himself and use the materials respectfully without destroying. Respect for Others: The child is free to carry out activities as long as he is not interfering on the rights of other children in the classroom. Progress at his own rate and development: Each child is allowed to develop at his own rate and pace. No competitions are allowed in the environment. The Interiors environment also allows freedom in many aspects. F-redeem of movement as they are allowed to move around the lassoer as well as outside the classroom. Thus a Interiors classroom is not divided within work periods. A child is also allowed freedom of choice to choose their own activities in the classroom as this enables concentration and helps develop good working habits. Freedom of speech is also allowed as children speak to each other and initiate activities as a team or individually. Because they are not forced; they naturally develop the tendency to help thy neighbor. Children are expected to observe the rules of basic courtesy; which involves not interrupting other people. Freedom to grow and to instruct his own mental capabilities. All materials are with a focus to helping the child build his inner self. Freedom to love and be loved is important as a child must be loved exceptionally and respected for just being himself. An example of Deja a three and a half year old who accidentally defecates on his body. Immediately other children start complaining about the smell and proceed to laugh at the child. The teacher who was also horrified was disgusted and showed this to Deli. The child sat still ashamed of himself. A well trained directress should correct Deja and clean him up and also courage other children from making fun of him. It is important that love is shown in such circumstances while correcting the boy lovingly. Thus if such an occurrence occurs in future other children will learn to assist and show loving support. Freedom from danger is also important as a child has a right to be protected away from danger. Freedom from competition and pressure is discouraged as a child is free from artificially induced competition reward and punishments. The inner motivation of the child stimulates him to work to the best of his ability and the satisfaction is the reward. He is thus allowed to grow at his own rate and development. In conclusion freedom allow a child grow by removing obstacles which can impede his normal development. The freeing of a child consists in removing as far as possible these obstacles that will deter true development in a child. Thus to objectively achieve these demands objectively a close attention must be on the part of the adult. THE SENSITIVE PERIOD The sensitive period is a delicate and transitory period helping the child with the purpose of formation. This urge helps him to focus his attention on retain aspects of his environment with such congruency that he excludes other things. As a result of the meeting of minds between this inner urge and this activities; the child completes it and feels excited and stronger. This inner urge can be likened to an intrinsic weaving of the thread of life. The importance of the sensitive period abound as they help in later years to assist in the development of concentration and intellectual powers. Sensitive periods in language have been identified; a child who without prior formal lessons, without conscious effort learns to pronounce the language he hears refectory. It has been identified that the sensitive period for language has already begun in the child before he can walk and talk. By four months through the watchful eyes of a child he starts making vague sounds. As he progresses the baby will begin got make real sounds. This mysterious urge starts in the soul; its intensity lights up a flame and is turned outward as a light. Under this influence the sounds separate though the child cannot understand the language. As the child interacts more with the environment he listens voluntarily to the spoken language. It had been defined as divine nomad which the child imitates and does not know why. A child who is starved of been exposed to the sensitivity of language can lead to having a difficult time learning the structure of his language. An example in Nigeria is where parents refuse their children to learn the local language and speak only English to the child-As the child grows older learning to communicate in their mother tongue becomes a challenge as the child cannot relate to others in his immediate environment. Amazing is also the sensitivity to Order as it reveals itself in the second year of life. The child at this stage displays a cohesive passion in the order of things. For example Deja a 3 years old has a pack of balls bought for him in a basket by his mum. Family friends come to the house and one of the younger children removes the pack of balls from the basket. Deja starts screaming as he tryst to put all balls back in the basket-He quieted down after he put back all the balls without any interference from the guest. It is very necessary for the child to have order in his environment as he is constructing himself from the elements of the environment. A baby can be helped by an adult through following a general rhythm. Dont forget to add advantages Another sensitivity which occurs in the second year is the sensitivity to small objects-Children are drawn to small objects alas miniature scientists. However the adult must be patient,observant and not shout when a child pick up objects. Freedom is also critical to enable a chi lid explore their environment. The adverse effects of sensitivity to small objects will be lack of observational skills passiveness and lack of comparative judgment. Sensitivity to coordination of movement occurs from 21 /2 years. This is the period A Child loves to explore the environment by jumping ND running. They engage in activity that will coordinate their movement. Constructive work that will promote good coordination of body movement egg pouring from one jug to another is important. The adverse effect will be lack of good coordination. Children between two to five love to play with their mates. They also want to do things adults and develop social skills. At this time they pick up manners and behaviors from adults. The adverse effects are that children remain dependent passive and lonely. Sensitivity through learning through the five senses. Children take interest in sound shape texture. At this time the children are given activities which impress and stimulate the senses refining their functions-This period is important especially in adult life especially in some vocations Normalization has been described as the single most important result of a teachers work. This is when the teacher has helped the child to attain a normal developmental stage where they focus for long periods of time. At this stage they are satisfied and proud of their work. Normalization occurs during the first phase of development at ages 0-6 years. Peter is a three year old pupil and a new student at BBC School. Peter is unable to concentrate on a particular task and lacks interest in activities. After careful monitoring and patience by an adult in a prepared environment; Peter transforms and shows keen interest in activities. Children who are young or new to the prepared environment are said to be in the first stage of development. These children are not ready for the freedom and like peter in the example above are invited to work with a teacher keeping an eye on the child. These children increase their level of concentration and take pride in their accomplishment As the hill progresses; the child experiences freedom and now have the confidence to move and complete activities. Children at this stage benefit from frequent and different presentations. The role of the teacher s to observe the child keenly to ensure they are receiving the assistance needed for the transformation. By the time Peter in our example above is five or six years, the child is able to focus on One activity; work in teams; teach younger children and work independently without disturbing the work of others. This journey has taken years for the child to become normalized and as such the coacher must patiently and without giving up enjoy the journey towards independence and normalization. In a growing child there is physical energy; especially the muscular energy of intelligence and will and also the mental energy of intelligence and will. These two streams work in unison to make a child complete. A normalized chide develops the following characteristics; a love for order in which a child expresses a love for the environment and a desire to preserve the environment. Also the love of work which in a prepared environment means any activity which the child becomes engrossed in and consumes his personality. A child grows to like work naturally and finds joy in completing his work. Another characteristic is profound spontaneous concentration which has been called attention to life or a wonder of growth. It is the Childs intelligence that is concentrating here and constructing itself through an exchange with its immediate environment. Following closely is an attachment to reality as a normalized Childs mind constructs itself through contact with the environment which is the foundation of the world as taken in by a child through the five senses and eater is built on by reason and imagination.

Free Essays on Life on the Mississippi

After reading the selections from Life on the Mississippi, I couldn’t help but feel a little confused and let down. From our past readings, I had begun to appreciate Twain and his style of humor more and more only to be surprised by what I feel is a surprisingly dull book with nothing to really laugh out loud about. From the get go, I was expecting something more like The Innocents Abroad, or Huck Finn; what I got was facts, followed by boring recollections, toped off with more facts. If I was looking forward to reading this book from a historical sense, and had I been in the proper mind state, I might be able to say that I enjoyed it on some level, but because I had my expectations set on humor and some good, quick witted ribbings my opinion of this book found itself falling as the page numbers increased. Now I don’t want to outright bash the book and say it was no good, I simply want to say that I was caught off guard by its straightforwardness. I would compare it to this scenario. Take a master photographer like Anne Geddies, an artist who’s work is almost entirely children. If she was to take a photograph of a dying elderly man, no matter how esthetically perfect and pleasing it is to the photographic community, I still wouldn’t fit in the description of what is expected of her even though the work was done with the same skill and attention. One passage that illustrates my point perfectly is the beautiful description of the river captures in beautifully graphic detail. Twain speaks of what he sees as the natural beauty of the river and then goes beyond to speak about the underlying scientific values of such sights. The Twain that I enjoy reading is not the kind of guy who gets sentimental about such things, but makes fun of the guy who is sentimental of such things. There are some points in Life on the Mississippi that, to me, stand out where twain tried to make the book more attractive to the skeptical Twain read... Free Essays on Life on the Mississippi Free Essays on Life on the Mississippi After reading the selections from Life on the Mississippi, I couldn’t help but feel a little confused and let down. From our past readings, I had begun to appreciate Twain and his style of humor more and more only to be surprised by what I feel is a surprisingly dull book with nothing to really laugh out loud about. From the get go, I was expecting something more like The Innocents Abroad, or Huck Finn; what I got was facts, followed by boring recollections, toped off with more facts. If I was looking forward to reading this book from a historical sense, and had I been in the proper mind state, I might be able to say that I enjoyed it on some level, but because I had my expectations set on humor and some good, quick witted ribbings my opinion of this book found itself falling as the page numbers increased. Now I don’t want to outright bash the book and say it was no good, I simply want to say that I was caught off guard by its straightforwardness. I would compare it to this scenario. Take a master photographer like Anne Geddies, an artist who’s work is almost entirely children. If she was to take a photograph of a dying elderly man, no matter how esthetically perfect and pleasing it is to the photographic community, I still wouldn’t fit in the description of what is expected of her even though the work was done with the same skill and attention. One passage that illustrates my point perfectly is the beautiful description of the river captures in beautifully graphic detail. Twain speaks of what he sees as the natural beauty of the river and then goes beyond to speak about the underlying scientific values of such sights. The Twain that I enjoy reading is not the kind of guy who gets sentimental about such things, but makes fun of the guy who is sentimental of such things. There are some points in Life on the Mississippi that, to me, stand out where twain tried to make the book more attractive to the skeptical Twain read...

Extent of Growth Depends on the Diversity Among the Students and Essay

Extent of Growth Depends on the Diversity Among the Students and Faculty - Essay Example I was born in Macao, and hail from a Chinese background. This has influenced my viewing of the world from a Chinese perspective. Over the time that I have spent in the United States of America, I have broadened my vision of the world through interaction with students from different cultural and economic backgrounds, and with different academic capabilities. It is this experience that I believe will stand me in good stead in my choice of a good classmate to assist me in the development of myself as a person, and my knowledge and skills. I also believe that this is not intended to be one-way traffic of me receiving only, as I am capable of giving assistance for the development of other individuals. My potential classmate would be of Indian origin. There are several reasons for this choice of mine. Indians have had a very long culture and tradition extending as long as the Chinese. This has deeply ingrained traditional, cultural and social values in Indians. Such deeply ingrained culture and tradition do not wipe off easily in new environments, and there will be ample opportunities when these will be displayed. The reason why I feel that Indian traditions and culture are important lies in the ability of Indians to cope with adversity and then emerge triumphant. India is rising as an economic power of esteem within six decades of gaining independence from the ruin of two hundred years of colonial rule. I believe I have leadership qualities, but in this changing world, I need to develop the ability to cope with change, which I believe my Indian classmate could give me.

Critically analyse, examine and evaluate the key issues involved in Essay

Critically analyse, examine and evaluate the key issues involved in the process of development and implementation of coherent international marketing strategy N - Essay Example There have been large initiatives, like the IT thrust by introducing supply chain management to ensure regular deliveries, to introducing new strategies like focusing on the new found power and wealth of women in sports. For the past 30 years the marketing strategy was dependant on the make to sell model. Products were made in anticipation of sales and cross fingers became a habit as the mysteries of the unknown were omnipresent. Every manufacturer likes to evolve into make to order market. That is a segment that spells stability and a certain level of recognition in the market. It becomes more pronounced when the market is global, across geographies and cultures. Nike too had this vision. They wanted to cross frontiers with a common approach. It was like wanting a clan, not just a family, which followed common principles, yet had identity of its own respecting their environment and circumstances, but adhering to the common fundamental principle. It was a huge call and needed people to understand the conglomerate of which they were a part. It required a merger of thought, not just action, and the very vision became their clarion call, Just do it. Before a company decides to go â€Å"global,† it must first show â€Å"an ability to appreciate the degree of globalization that exists in a given industry, or sector, and to provide the required strategic response. †Jeannet, Jean-Pierre,3 Centralization is the basic format of Nike’s plan. Not only product designing, but the contracting out of manufacturing at different factories and delivery schedules are all carried out at the Head Office. In response to highly chaotic running shoes market in 1975 a plan named Futures Program was developed.4 The intention was to force the Retailers to order nine months in advance by placing non-cancellable orders. This assured cash upfront for the company as well as predictability

Evaluation of Corporate Performance Research Paper

Evaluation of Corporate Performance - Research Paper Example Its Server and Tools division offers server software, training to developers, cloud-based services. Its Business division offers Microsoft Office and related products. The company markets its products and services across most part of the world. Income Statements (all figures in millions) Year ended June 30, 2011 2012 2013 2014 (projected) Revenue $ 69,943 73,723 77,849 85,634 Cost of Revenue $ 15,577 17,530 20,249 22,274 Gross Profit $ 54,366 56,193 57,600 63,360 Total operating expense $ 27,205 34,430 30,836 33,920 Income before income tax $ 28,071 22,267 27,052 29,940 Provision for income tax $ 4,921 5,289 5,189 5,689 Net income $ 23,150 16,978 21,863 24,251 Figures for the year ended 2014 has been arrived at by projecting 10% growth on revenues and cost of revenues. Income tax provision has been made in the same percentage as made in the current year to arrive at the net income after tax. Ratio Analysis Liquidity Ratios Liquidity of the company can be denoted by several kinds such as current ratio, quick ratio, cash ratio, and cash conversion cycle. a. Current Ratio is given as Current Assets/Current Liabilities For the year ended 2013, Microsoft’s current Ratio = 101,466/37,417 = 2.71 b. Quick Ratio This is also known as the acid-test ratio. This takes into account the most liquid current assets to cover current liabilities. Inventory and less liquid current assets that cannot be converted to cash quickly are eliminated while calculating this ratio. This informs more liquid status of the company. Quick Ratio = (Cash & Equivalents + Accounts Receivable + Short-term Investments)/ Current Liabilities = (3804 + 17,486+73,218)/37,417 = 2.52 Financial Leverage c. The debt-equity ratio is one of the popular financial leverage ratios that provides information regarding the company's leverage state. This is given as = total liability/shareholder's equity = 63,487/78,944 = 0.8 This indicates that for every single dollar of share holder’s equity, there i s 0.8 dollar of debt. d. Debt Ratio Debt ratio is defined as total liabilities/total assets For Microsoft, it is calculated as 63,487/142,431= 0.45 In other words, 45% of the assets of Microsoft have been created from debt funds. Asset Management The return on assets employed in the company will provide information about how assets are used to generate return for shareholders. e. Return on Total Assets It is defined as Net Profit/ total assets employed = 21,863/142,431 =15.34% However, to understand how efficiently current assets are managed in enhancing shareholder’s wealth, it would be appropriate to find return on current assets. f. Return on Current Assets It can be given as net profit/current assets = 21,863/101,466 = 21.55% Profitability There are several measures of profitability and in this paper we calculate net profit margin and profitability against shareholder’s equity. g. Net Profit Margin is given as: Net profit/ revenue = 21,863/77,849 = 28% h. Profitabi lity on shareholders’ fund It can be given as net profit/ total equity = 21,863/78,944 = 27.7% Market Value The market value of the firm can be given by its market capitalization. i. Market Capitalization of Microsoft = No. of shares ? price/share = 8,328 ? 35.52 = $295.8 Billions j. Market Multiples (P/E) It will be interesting to understand P/E ratio in details. It is important to note that the closing price of any stock keeps fluctuating on daily

The Family And Contemporary Society | Analysis

The Family And Contemporary Society | Analysis A family can simply be defined as a group of people connected by blood or marriage. They can either be living together in a household, for example, a couple and their never married children living in one place as a family or are related based on blood but are not immediate family -for example, genetic relationships and this can simply be referred to as kin. According to the American anthropologist George Peter Murdock, The family is a social group characterised by common residence, economic cooperation and reproduction. It includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom maintain a socially approved sexual relationship, and one or more children, own or adopted, of the sexually cohabiting adults The two most common forms of family are nuclear family and extended family. The nuclear family comprises of a husband and a wife with one or more children, own or adopted. According to Murdock, the nuclear family is a universal social grouping which means, it is found in all societies. The extended family is a family structure which is often made up of three generations e.g. grandparents, parents and children. Basically, it is the extension of the nuclear family and this can be done in various ways. Unlike the western society marriage which is monogamous, that is, one wife and one husband, many other societies practice polygamous marriage where by a person can marry more than one wife or husband. It is found in many small-scale traditional societies, particularly in Africa. A part from that, families can be extended if for example grand parents, brothers and sisters of the married couple live in one household. This is mostly practiced by the Indian communities in the UK. During the pre-industrial period, societies were divided in to kinship groups called lineages, which consist of people descended from a common ancestor. Lineages may contain hundreds or even thousands of members, it is mostly found in traditional societies such as the Nuer of southern Sudan and the Bunyoro of western Uganda. Anyone in that group sees each other as relatives. The only source of livelihood was farming and livestock, for this reason; the most common family structure was extended families because, they work together and to some extent, they share domestic tasks and income. Any member is allowed to farm and graze their livestock in the land owned by the Lineages. People who would be seen as very distant relatives in western societies may be defined as close relatives within a lineage. According to the 19th century historical research by Michael Anderson (1971), the early stages of industrialisation may have encouraged the development of extended families. He found that 23% of working class households in Preston contained kin beyond the nuclear family. This was due to the fact that, there was widespread poverty, high birth and death rates and without welfare support from the government, people had to depend on their kin for care and support. The working class extended family continued well in to the 20th century. Michael Young and Peter Willmott defined an extended family after their study of Bethnal Green in the east end of London (1957) as a combination of families who to some large degree form one domestic unit. The family members does not have to share one household as long as they contact regularly and share services such as caring for children and elderly relatives. The industrial revolution gradually undermined and disrupted the existence of extended family because; men were increasingly drawn out of the home in to industrial employment. Long working hours and movement of individuals between different regions affected family socialisation. Despite that, low income working class areas such as Bethnal Green did not break their extended family ties up until the 20th century. By the 1970s, the family structure changed to home-centred and privatised nuclear family. Family life is focused on the home. Husband and wife depend on each other for companionship. During free time, they silently watch TV at home with less contact of the wider kinship network. According to Talcott Parsons, the isolated nuclear family is the typical form in modern industrial society, on the other hand, Michael Haralambos states in his book, Sociology in focus that, a number of sociologists argue that, the so called modern, self-sufficient and self-centred nuclear family process has been exaggerated and that nuclear family members still contact their extended kin when the need arises though the relationship is not as strong as those in the traditional extended family. According to Janet Finch and Jennifer Mason (1993) in their study of Greater Manchester, they found that, over 90% of the people they approached had given or received financial help from relatives and almost 60% had shared a household with an adult relative(not parents) at some time in their live. Finch and Mason also found that help was subject to negotiation and not a right However, the British Social Attitudes have disputed the above study after they conducted a survey representing adults aged 18 and over during 1986 and 1995. They were looking at frequency of contact with kin. They found out that people are less likely to visit or be visited by anybody at all, be it relative or friends because there was no evidence to show that friends have substituted relatives and a large number of women are working outside their home which resulted in 20% drop of seeing their mother at least once a week (McGlone et al, 1999). People from different backgrounds have different family structure from the indigenous population. For example, the Asian families in Britain have strengthened their ties with their family members more in reaction to lack of value attachment between British family members and their kin. They are worried of losing their values and culture. To help overcome that fear, they maintain links with their villages of origin in Asia. The main sociological theories of the family are functionalist, Marxists and feminists. Functionalists consider the nuclear form of family as the best type. They believe that family is a vital element at the heart of society and a good source of socialisation. However, they only endorse the nuclear family as the norm, idealistic and more home centred, whereas, they consider the other types of family as harmful. Functionalists see family as a social institution which is there for a purpose that is beneficial to both its members and society. According to Murdock (1949), the family is a universal institution with universal functions. Their theories contain strong arguments that are vital for the wellbeing of society. They argue that, the family help to stabilise the social system by monitoring or setting some limits on their members not engage in sexual relationships outside marriage with some societies completely forbidding such acts unless married. This helps to reduce conflict. The functionalists also see family as a unit of production, for example, a farming family produce food while here in the west, the family is a unit of consumption, families buy goods and services for the rest of their family members, therefore contribute to the economy and to the wider society. The most interesting point of the functionalists theory is that, the family is responsible for primary socialisation. The first year of our life is very crucial to the rest of our life and all that is made possible by the immediate family members. Murdock believes that, no society has succeeded in finding an adequate substitute for the nuclear family however, the American sociologist Talcott Parsons argues that, the nuclear family in the modern industrial society have become more specialised and unlike the pre-industrial societies, some family functions like looking after the elderly have been taken over by specialised institutions such as social services but he claims that they still perform the basic function which is, the primary socialisation of children. Despite the strengths of the functionalist theory, there are some weaknesses associated with their views of the family. The first one is that, they ignore the dark side of family life, for example, conflict between husband and wife, child abuse and male dominance etc. They also pay less attention on the harmful effects the family may have on the wider society. Unlike the Marxists, the functionalists never consider variations in family life based on class, ethnicity, religion and locality The second sociological theory of family which is Marxists concentrates on nuclear family as well but they reject the view that the family is there for the benefit of all, instead they see the family as maintaining the position of the ruling class. They believe that nuclear perpetuate capitalism and that the economy shapes the rest of society. In comparison to the functionalists, Marxists dont accept that the family is largely responsible for primary socialisation, instead they argue that, children are socialised in stereotypically predetermined roles. The Marxists strongly argue that, the status of the society is largely determined by the economy and the capitalist economic system will produce a certain type of society. Basically, they see the family as an institution which is twisted by the requirements of capitalism. According to Friedrich Engels, the modern nuclear family developed in capitalist society. They also pointed out the great inequalities of wealth and income in modern societies. A small minority of the population who privately own economic institutions like banks and factories rule the larger population who are workers. The workers produce goods and services and are paid wages. The Marxists argue that, the minority ruling class exploit the majority of the population by gaining at the workers expense through profit making. The fact that they only endorse nuclear form of family, they argue that, this solved inheritance disputes because there is no doubt about the paternity of the children unlike the monogamous nuclear family. Both functionalist and Marxists see the family as a unit of reproduction and socialisation of children. The weaknesses associated with the Marxists view are; they ignore the degree of stability in society, instead they concentrate on the idea of power and domination. They also undermine the role of women in the society. Sociologists agree to some extent that the economic system has some influence in the family. However, majority disagree with the Marxist view that the shape of the family is determined by the economic system. Unlike the Marxists and functionalists, the feminist which is the other sociological theory of the family, criticize the power of men over women. They argue that male dominate the family and that they often control key areas of decision making e.g. moving house. The two main types of feminists which are radical and Marxists have different point of view in regards to unfair treatment of women in the family. The radical feminists see male dominance influence the structure of society and as a result, there is widespread domestic violence of which women suffer most. They promote lesbianism. The Marxists feminists argue that women serve as cushion for the man to release their tension of the day and these inequalities resulted from class variation in capitalist society. The feminists strongly point out that, most of the unpaid domestic work is done by women irrespective of them working full time outside home or not. According to Delphy Leonard, 1992, Women make the main contribution to fa mily life, men receive the main benefits. They also argue that, in most cases, the wife gives up her work to care for the children and economically depend on her husband. Feminists base their view from negative perspective and ignore the positive side of family. It is possible that many women are happy to raise their children and do most of the housework. Feminists are criticised by some people as preaching hatred against men and undermining traditional gender roles. In modern societies, there is greater evidence of equality between partners but feminists are criticised for not acknowledging that progress but instead they still remain determined to address remaining inequalities. Contrary to Murdocks explanation of family which includes at least one adult of each sex, there is significant number of children who were raised by single parents or same sex parents living in a household. A woman with her dependent children, whether adopted or her own is a unit of family. There are a high number of single-parent families in Britain. According to Government statistics, in 1961, 2 percent of the population lived in households consisting of lone parent with dependent children. Lone parenthood can come about through different circumstances eg divorce, separation and death of spouse. In the case of unmarried partners with children break up, one of them will be a lone parent. There are a high number of divorced or separated couples who still keep in touch for the common interest of their children. They share responsibilities of raising their children; In this case they are described as co-parenting or joint parenting. Neal Smart, 1977 see it difficult to describe such s cenarios as lone-parent families. Some Sociologists suggest using the term lone-parent household rather than lone-parent family, this means, one of the parents does not share the same household with the rest but still contributes to the family. Becoming a lone parent is never the first option for both married couples but due to un avoidable circumstances, many choose to be lone parent than living in an unhappy relationship. According to Hantrais and Letablier(1996), Britain has the second highest rate of lone parenthood after Denmark in Europe. Another type of household is the Gay and Lesbian households. Contrary to Murdocks explanation of family, Gay and Lesbian households do not contain adults of both sexes but they can as well care for children from their past heterosexual relationships, adoption or may have been produced using new reproductive technologies. Diversification of family in modern societies was contributed by high divorce rate, decline of marriage rate and increase in the number of stepfamilies.

Capital Punishment Essay - Death Penalty is Socially Sanctioned Murder :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

The Death Penalty – Socially Sanctioned Murder Capital punishment is not "actual" punishment. It's a capital reaction to a type of criminal act. It serves no purpose. When a person is executed, the person learns no lesson. He or she cannot say, "Hey! I learned my lesson. I surely won't do that again," for he or she is dead. Although the word "punishment" is used in varying contexts, it is generally accepted that it is served out unpleasantly to an individual in hopes that that person learns from the punishment and, therefore, doesn't repeat the bad deed. Good grief... So, why execute? The question is one of justification. It is wrong to deliberately kill another person, yet capital punishment (or "killing") consists of doing precisely this. Cost of the Death Penalty Capital punishment in California, as in every other state, is more expensive than a life imprisonment sentence without the opportunity of parole. These costs are not the result of frivolous appeals but rather the result of Constitutionally mandated safeguards that can be summarized as follows: Juries must be given clear guidelines on sentencing, which result in explicit provisions for what constitutes aggravating and mitigating circumstances. Defendants must have a dual trial--one to establish guilt or innocence and if guilty a second trial to determine whether or not they would get the death penalty. Defendants sentenced to death are granted oversight protection in an automatic appeal to the state supreme court. These constitutional safeguards translate into: - a more extensive jury selection procedure - a four fold increase in the number of motions filed - a longer, dual trial process - more investigators and expert testimony - more lawyers specializing in death penalty litigation - and automatic, mandatory appeals Since there are few defendants who will plead guilty to a capital charge, virtually every death penalty trial becomes a jury trial with all of the above necessary requirements and expenses. In Los Angeles County, the total cost of capital punishment is $2,087,926. In Los Angeles County, the total cost of life imprisonment without possibility of parole is $1,448,935. General Studies A study done by the Sacramento Bee argued that California would save $90 million per year if it were to abolish the death penalty. The average cost of a capital trial in Texas is $2.3 million--three times the cost to incarcerate an individual for 40 years. The average cost of a capital trial in Florida is $3.2 million. Myths and Facts Deterrence Scientific studies have consistently failed to demonstrate that executions deter people from committing crime. The respected Thorsten